MIDI音色マップ
1981年にMIDI規格協議会（現在の音楽電子事業協会）とMIDI Manufacturers Association（MMA）によって電子楽器・音楽制作に関するハードウェアとソフトウェアの互換性に関することを定められたMIDI規格のうち、音色データの配列について。
使用する音色は、コントロールチェンジのひとつのProgram Changeで指定します。
フォーマット
フォーマットは大抵の一般的な曲制作に対応できるGMをはじめ、より広い表現ができるGMの上位互換のような規格としてGS・XGもあります。
GS・XGは、MSB（最上位ビット バンクセレクト） 128 × LSB（最下位ビット バンクセレクト） 128 × PC（プログラムチェンジ） 128の三次元配列で、最大2,097,152種類の音色から使用するものを指定できます。
※仕様では可能ですが、全て使用されていません。
GM（General MIDI）
1991年に日本MIDI評議会（現在の音楽電子事業協会）とMIDI Manufacturers Association（MMA）によって制定されたProgram Changeの音色マップ・コントロールチェンジ・システムエクスクルーシブ・RPNを定めた規格です。
1999年には上位互換のGMシステムレベル2が、2001年には主に携帯電話の着信メロディ用となるGeneral MIDI Liteも規定されています。
音色マップ
プログラムチェンジ（Program Change）で128種類の音色が定められています。
GM互換音源であればメーカーが違っても調整は必要ですが極端に違った再生結果にはなりません。
GMはLSB 0、PC 1〜128の範囲
GM 2はLSB 0〜9、PC 1〜128の範囲
| PC | MSB 121 | 実物の音域 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LSB 0 | LSB 1 | LSB 2 | LSB 3 | LSB 4 | LSB 5 (〜9) | ||
| Piano | |||||||
| 1 | Acoustic Grand Piano | Acoustic Grand Piano (wide) | Acoustic Grand Piano (dark) | ||||
| 2 | Bright Acoustic Piano | Bright Acoustic Piano (wide) | |||||
| 3 | Electric Grand Piano | Electric Grand Piano (wide) | |||||
| 4 | Honky-tonk Piano | Honky-tonk Piano (wide) | |||||
| 5 | Electric Piano 1 | Detuned Electric Piano 1 | Electric Piano 1 (velocity mix) | 60's Electric Piano | |||
| 6 | Electric Piano 2 | Detuned Electric Piano 2 | Electric Piano 2 (velocity mix) | EP Legend | EP Phase | ||
| 7 | Harpsichord | Harpsichord (octave mix) | Harpsichord (wide) | Harpsichord (with key off) | |||
| 8 | Clavi | Pulse Clavi | |||||
| Chromatic Percussion | |||||||
| 9 | Celesta | ||||||
| 10 | Glockenspiel | ||||||
| 11 | Music Box | ||||||
| 12 | Vibraphone | Vibraphone (wide) | |||||
| 13 | Marimba | Marimba (wide) | |||||
| 14 | Xylophone | ||||||
| 15 | Tubular Bells | Church Bell | Carillon | ||||
| 16 | Dulcimer | ||||||
| Organ | |||||||
| 17 | Drawbar Organ | Detuned Drawbar Organ | Italian 60's Organ | Drawbar Organ 2 | |||
| 18 | Percussive Organ | Detuned Percussive Organ | Percussive Organ 2 | ||||
| 19 | Rock Organ | ||||||
| 20 | Church Organ | Church Organ (octave mix) | Detuned Church Organ | ||||
| 21 | Reed Organ | Puff Organ | |||||
| 22 | Accordion | Accordion 2 | |||||
| 23 | Harmonica | ||||||
| 24 | Tango Accordion | ||||||
| Guitar | |||||||
| 25 | Acoustic Guitar (nylon) | Ukulele | Acoustic Guitar (nylon + key off) | Acoustic Guitar (nylon 2) | |||
| 26 | Acoustic Guitar (steel) | 12-Strings Guitar | Mandolin | Steel Guitar with Body Sound | |||
| 27 | Electric Guitar (jazz) | Electric Guitar (pedal steel) | |||||
| 28 | Electric Guitar (clean) | Electric Guitar (detuned clean) | Mid Tone Guitar | ||||
| 29 | Electric Guitar (muted) | Electric Guitar (funky cutting) | Electric Guitar (muted velo-sw) | Jazz Man | |||
| 30 | Overdriven Guitar | Guitar Pinch | |||||
| 31 | Distortion Guitar | Distortion Guitar (with feedback) | Distorted Rhythm Guitar | ||||
| 32 | Guitar Harmonics | Guitar Feedback | |||||
| Bass | |||||||
| 33 | Acoustic Bass | ||||||
| 34 | Electric Bass (finger) | Finger Slap Bass | |||||
| 35 | Electric Bass (pick) | ||||||
| 36 | Fretless Bass | ||||||
| 37 | Slap Bass 1 | ||||||
| 38 | Slap Bass 2 | ||||||
| 39 | Synth Bass 1 | Synth Bass (warm) | Synth Bass 3 (resonance) | Clavi Bass | Hammer | ||
| 40 | Synth Bass 2 | Synth Bass 4 (attack) | Synth Bass (rubber) | Attack Pulse | |||
| Strings & Orchestral instruments | |||||||
| 41 | Violin | Violin (slow attack) | |||||
| 42 | Viola | ||||||
| 43 | Cello | ||||||
| 44 | Contrabass | ||||||
| 45 | Tremolo Strings | ||||||
| 46 | Pizzicato Strings | ||||||
| 47 | Orchestral Harp | Yang Chin | |||||
| 48 | Timpani | ||||||
| Ensemble | |||||||
| 49 | String Ensembles 1 | Strings and Brass | 60s Strings | ||||
| 50 | String Ensembles 2 | ||||||
| 51 | SynthStrings 1 | SynthStrings 3 | |||||
| 52 | SynthStrings 2 | ||||||
| 53 | Choir Aahs | Choir Aahs 2 | |||||
| 54 | Voice Oohs | Humming | |||||
| 55 | Synth Voice | Analog Voice | |||||
| 56 | Orchestra Hit | Bass Hit Plus | 6th Hit | Euro Hit | |||
| Brass | |||||||
| 57 | Trumpet | Dark Trumpet Soft | |||||
| 58 | Trombone | Trombone 2 | Bright Trombone | ||||
| 59 | Tuba | ||||||
| 60 | Muted Trumpet | Muted Trumpet 2 | |||||
| 61 | French Horn | French Horn 2 (warm) | |||||
| 62 | Brass Section | Brass Section 2 (octave mix) | |||||
| 63 | Synth Brass 1 | Synth Brass 3 | Analog Synth Brass 1 | Jump Brass | |||
| 64 | Synth Brass 2 | Synth Brass 4 | Analog Synth Brass 2 | ||||
| Reed | |||||||
| 65 | Soprano Sax | ||||||
| 66 | Alto Sax | ||||||
| 67 | Tenor Sax | ||||||
| 68 | Baritone Sax | ||||||
| 69 | Oboe | ||||||
| 70 | English Horn | ||||||
| 71 | Bassoon | ||||||
| 72 | Clarinet | ||||||
| Pipe | |||||||
| 73 | Piccolo | ||||||
| 74 | Flute | ||||||
| 75 | Recorder | ||||||
| 76 | Pan Flute | ||||||
| 77 | Blown Bottle | ||||||
| 78 | Shakuhachi | ||||||
| 79 | Whistle | ||||||
| 80 | Ocarina | ||||||
| Synth Lead | |||||||
| 81 | Lead 1 (square) | Lead 1a (square 2) | Lead 1b (sine) | ||||
| 82 | Lead 2 (sawtooth) | Lead 2a (sawtooth 2) | Lead 2b (saw + pulse) | Lead 2c (double sawtooth) | Lead 2d (sequenced analog) | ||
| 83 | Lead 3 (calliope) | ||||||
| 84 | Lead 4 (chiff) | ||||||
| 85 | Lead 5 (charang) | Lead 5a (wire lead) | |||||
| 86 | Lead 6 (voice) | ||||||
| 87 | Lead 7 (fifths) | ||||||
| 88 | Lead 8 (bass + lead) | Lead 8a (soft wrl) | |||||
| Synth Pad | |||||||
| 89 | Pad 1 (new age) | ||||||
| 90 | Pad 2 (warm) | Pad 2a (sine pad) | |||||
| 91 | Pad 3 (polysynth) | ||||||
| 92 | Pad 4 (choir) | Pad 4a (itopia) | |||||
| 93 | Pad 5 (bowed) | ||||||
| 94 | Pad 6 (metallic) | ||||||
| 95 | Pad 7 (halo) | ||||||
| 96 | Pad 8 (sweep) | ||||||
| Synth SFX | |||||||
| 97 | FX 1 (rain) | ||||||
| 98 | FX 2 (soundtrack) | ||||||
| 99 | FX 3 (crystal) | FX 3a (synth mallet) | |||||
| 100 | FX 4 (atmosphere) | ||||||
| 101 | FX 5 (brightness) | ||||||
| 102 | FX 6 (goblins) | ||||||
| 103 | FX 7 (echoes) | FX 7a (echo bell) | FX 7b (echo pan) | ||||
| 104 | FX 8 (sci-fi) | ||||||
| Ethnic Misc. | |||||||
| 105 | Sitar | Sitar 2 (bend) | |||||
| 106 | Banjo | ||||||
| 107 | Shamisen | ||||||
| 108 | Koto | Taisho Koto | |||||
| 109 | Kalimba | ||||||
| 110 | Bag pipe | ||||||
| 111 | Fiddle | ||||||
| 112 | Shanai | ||||||
| Percussive | |||||||
| 113 | Tinkle Bell | ||||||
| 114 | Agogo | ||||||
| 115 | Steel Drums | ||||||
| 116 | Woodblock | Castanets | |||||
| 117 | Taiko Drum | Concert Bass Drum | |||||
| 118 | Melodic Tom | Melodic Tom 2 (power) | |||||
| 119 | Synth Drum | Rhythm Box Tom | Electric Drum | ||||
| 120 | Reverse Cymbal | ||||||
| SFX | |||||||
| 121 | Guitar Fret Noise | Guitar Cutting Noise | Acoustic Bass String Slap | ||||
| 122 | Breath Noise | Flute Key Click | |||||
| 123 | Seashore | Rain | Thunder | Wind | Stream | Bubble | |
| 124 | Bird Tweet | Dog | Horse Gallop | Bird Tweet 2 | |||
| 125 | Telephone Ring | Telephone Ring 2 | Door Creaking | Door | Scratch | Wind Chime | |
| 126 | Helicopter | Car Engine | Car Stop | Car Pass | Car Crash | Siren 06 : Train 07 : Jetplane 08 : Starship 09 : Burst Noise |
|
| 127 | Applause | Laughing | Screaming | Punch | Heart Beat | Footsteps | |
| 128 | Gunshot | Machine Gun | Lasergun | Explosion | |||
10chで使用するドラムセット用として、ドラムマップも定められています。
GS
Rolandが1991年に発売したSC-55からはじまり、GM制定時に他社製フォーマットと共有部分を抜粋したフォーマットの一つなため、GMの上位互換のような存在です。
XG
YAMAHAが1994年に提唱したGMの上位互換にあたるもので、1997年にはその簡易版となるXGLiteも規定されています。
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